Zehraan Ibni Akbar: Polycythemia – A Closer Look into Myeloproliferative Disorders
Zehraan Ibni Akbar, Laboratory Technician at Biomedicare Clinical Laboratory, posted on LinkedIn:
”Polycythemia: A Closer Look into Myeloproliferative Disorders
Polycythemia is characterized by a pathological increase in red blood cell mass, leading to elevated Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) levels. This results in increased blood viscosity, predisposing patients to thrombosis and impaired circulation.
Types and Pathophysiology
• Primary Polycythemia (Polycythemia Vera)
– Driven by JAK2 gene mutation, causing uncontrolled RBC production
– Associated with elevated WBCs and platelets
• Secondary Polycythemia
– Triggered by chronic hypoxemia (e.g., COPD, smoking, high altitude)
– Hypoxia stimulates kidneys to release erythropoietin → ↑ RBC production
Clinical Manifestations
▪ Dizziness and headaches
▪ Flushed, ruddy skin complexion
▪ Pruritus, especially after hot showers
▪ Splenomegaly / Hepatomegaly
▪ Fatigue, visual disturbances, & increased clotting risk
Diagnostic Evaluation
✔ CBC (↑Hgb, ↑Hct, ↑WBC/PLT in primary)
✔ Erythropoietin levels
✔ JAK2 mutation analysis
✔ Bone marrow biopsy
✔ Imaging to identify secondary causes
Management Goals
The primary aim is to reduce RBC mass and prevent thrombotic events:
– Phlebotomy to control blood volume
– Hydroxyurea to suppress bone marrow activity
– Aspirin (low-dose) for thrombosis prevention
– Lifestyle modification and VTE prophylaxis
Importance for Healthcare Professionals
Early recognition and intervention are key to preventing complications like Myelodysplastic Syndrome and transformation into Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Sharing this to contribute to advanced clinical learning and improved patient care in hematology and laboratory practice.”
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