Ocima Richard Draza: A Guide to Stroke Types and Complications
Ocima Richard Draza, Nurse at Canadian Specialist Hospital, shared a post on LinkedIn:
“Stroke
What is a stroke?
A stroke is caused by disruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to cell death as a result of a lack of oxygen and glucose
There are two major types:
1. Ischaemic stroke
A thrombus or embolus blocks a cerebra artery, this leads to the brain tissue becoming ischaemic, triggering the ischaemic cascade: cell membrane failure, calcium influx, inflammation, and neuronal death.
2. Haemorrhaaic stroke
A cerebral blood vessel ruptures, leading to bleeding into the brain tissue or spaces arouno the brain, this can cause raised intracranial pressure, reduced perfusion, risk of herniation
Types:
- Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH): bleeding into brain parenchyma
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH): bleeding into subarachnoid space, often occuring as a result of aneurysm rupture
Complications to monitor
- Cerebral oedema: when brain cells are starvec of oxygen, they lose their ability to regulate ior & fluid movement, this leads to water shifting into brain cells causing them to swell
- Seizures: Damage can lead to irritation of the brain tissue, making seizures more likely,especially in large bleeds
- Aspiration pneumonia: upto 50% of patients can experience dysphagia following stroke increasing the risk of aspiration
- Venous thromboembolism (DVT/PE): due ta venous stasis as a result of immobility
- Urinary retention or incontinence.”
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