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Joshua Bernstock: Prehospital Stroke Triage Has Hit a Ceiling

Joshua Bernstock/LinkedIn

Feb 3, 2026, 09:15

Joshua Bernstock: Prehospital Stroke Triage Has Hit a Ceiling

Joshua Bernstock, Visiting Scientist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, shared on LinkedIn about a recent article he and his colleagues co-authored, adding:

”Prehospital stroke triage has hit a ceiling — and biomarkers are the way through it.

Our new Neurology paper just went live: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 58 studies, 58,000+ patients, and 33 prehospital stroke scales evaluating detection of large vessel occlusion (LVO).

The takeaway is uncomfortable but important:

Clinical exam–based scales alone are no longer enough.

Yes, some scales perform better than others depending on setting and thresholds.

But across the board, sensitivity and specificity plateau in the ~80–90% range, with wide variability, limited generalizability, and heavy dependence on who is doing the exam and where it’s performed.

Meanwhile, LVOs account for a minority of ischemic strokes — yet drive the vast majority of disability and mortality.

This is where biomarkers change the game.

Just as troponin transformed MI diagnosis, integrating blood-based markers (e.g., GFAP, D-dimer) with clinical assessment offers something physical exams alone cannot:
-Pathophysiologic specificity
-Objective, reproducible signal
-The ability to distinguish ischemic vs hemorrhagic stroke before hospital arrival

Multiple prospective datasets now show that combining biomarkers with simple clinical scales can dramatically improve LVO detection, enabling:
-Smarter bypass decisions
-Faster thrombectomy
-Fewer futile transfers
-Better outcomes — especially in resource-limited settings

The next frontier in stroke care is not a better scale — it’s better biology, deployed earlier.

If we are serious about equity, speed, and outcomes in stroke systems of care, prehospital biomarker-enabled triage needs to move from “promising” to “standard.””

Title: Evaluating Prehospital Stroke Scales for Large Vessel Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Authors: Noah Lee Ahmad Nawabi, Esteban Rivera Rivera, Daniel de Wilde, John L. Kilgallon, David I. Nawabi, Varun M. Bhave, Patrick Emedom-Nnamdi, Ari Kappel, Shivani D. Rangwala, Rodolfo E. Alcedo Guardia, Juan Vicenty-Padilla, Saef Izzy, Nirav J. Patel, Rose Du, Adam A. Dmytriw, Toby Gropen, David S. Liebeskind, Edoardo Gaude, Alfred Pokmeng See, Mohammed Ali Aziz-Sultan, Joshua D. Bernstock

Read the Full Article on Neurology Journals

Joshua Bernstock: Prehospital Stroke Triage Has Hit a Ceiling