Wolfgang Miesbach/LinkedIn
Aug 24, 2026, 06:31
Wolfgang Miesbach: How Common Are Fabricated References in Research?
Wolfgang Miesbach, Professor of Medicine at Frankfurt University Hospital, shared post on LinkedIn about a recent article by Maxim Topaz et al., published in The Lancet, adding:
“One in 277 papers published in early 2026 cited a study that does not exist – up from one in 2,828 in 2023.
An automated verification pipeline checked 2.47 million papers in PubMed Central’s open-access corpus.
- 4,046 fabricated references across 2,810 papers
- Review articles fared worst: 16.7 vs 10.6 per 10,000, p less than 0.0001
- Most had one or two – but 246 had three or more, and one 2025 paper had 18 of its 30 references fabricated.”
Title: Fabricated citations: an audit across 2·5 million biomedical papers
Authors: Maxim Topaz, Nir Roguin, Pallavi Gupta, Zhihong Zhang, Laura-Maria Peltonen
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