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Samwel Mikaye: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features and Management of CAD
Dr. S.0 MIKAYE / LinkedIn
May 25, 2026, 14:58

Samwel Mikaye: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features and Management of CAD

Samwel Mikaye, Medical Doctor at MSK, shared a post on LinkedIn:

“Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, usually due to atherosclerosis, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle.

It is a major cause of:

  • Angina Pectoris
  • Myocardial Infarction
  • Heart failure
  • Sudden cardiac death

Pathophysiology

CAD is mainly caused by:

  • Atherosclerotic plaque formation in coronary arteries
  • Plaque rupture and thrombosis may cause acute coronary syndrome

Reduced blood flow leads to myocardial ischemia.

Risk Factors

Non-modifiable

  • Increasing age
  • Male sex
  • Family history of heart disease

Modifiable

  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Smoking
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Obesity
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Excess alcohol intake
  • Stress

Clinical Features

Stable angina

  • Central chest pain or pressure
  • Triggered by exertion or stress
  • Relieved by rest or nitrates

May radiate to:

  • Left arm
  • Neck
  • Jaw
  • Shoulder

Acute coronary syndrome symptoms

  • Severe prolonged chest pain
  • Dyspnea
  • Sweating
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Palpitations
  • Syncope

Associated symptoms

  • Fatigue
  • Reduced exercise tolerance

Signs

  • May be normal in stable disease
  • Hypertension
  • Tachycardia
  • Signs of heart failure in advanced disease

Diagnosis

Investigations

  • ECG
  • Cardiac enzymes (troponins)
  • Echocardiography
  • Exercise stress test
  • Coronary angiography
  • Lipid profile
  • Blood glucose/HbA1c

Complications

  • Myocardial Infarction
  • Arrhythmias
  • Heart failure
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Sudden cardiac death

Management

Lifestyle modification

  • Smoking cessation
  • Weight reduction
  • Regular exercise
  • Healthy diet
  • Control of diabetes and hypertension

Medications

  • Aspirin
  • Statins
  • Nitrates
  • Beta-blockers
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Antiplatelet agents

Revascularization

  • Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI/stenting)
  • Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

Prevention

  • Control cardiovascular risk factors
  • Healthy lifestyle
  • Routine screening in high-risk patients

Coronary artery disease results from atherosclerotic narrowing of coronary arteries causing myocardial ischemia.

Classic presentation:

Exertional chest pain relieved by rest

Major complications:

  • Myocardial infarction
  • Heart failure
  • Sudden cardiac death”

Samwel Mikaye

Other posts featuring Samwel Mikaye on Hemostasis Today.

ACE Inhibitors Acute coronary syndrome Angina Pectoris Antiplatelet agents arrhythmias Aspirin Atherosclerosis Beta-Blockers Blood Blood Glucose CABG CAD Cardiology Coronary angiography Coronary Artery Coronary Artery Disease Diabetes mellitus Dyspnea ECG Echocardiography HbA1c Health Heart Failure Hematology Hemostasis News Hemostasis Today Hyperlipidemia hypertension Medicine Myocardial infarction Nausea Nitrates Obesity PCI statins Stenting Syncope Tachycardia thrombosis troponin
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