Hemostasis Today

Aryabhatta Sadhu: ABO and Rh Incompatibility In Stem Cell Transplantation
Jun 29, 2026, 03:10

Aryabhatta Sadhu: ABO and Rh Incompatibility In Stem Cell Transplantation

Aryabhatta Sadhu, Attending Consultant and Head of Transfusion Medicine at Fortis Hospital Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi, shared a post on LinkedIn:

“When ABO and Rh incompatibilities enter the transplant timeline, blood support stops being routine.

The question is no longer:

‘Which blood group should be issued?’

The real question becomes:

‘Whose red cells, whose antibodies, and whose marrow are dominant today?’

Case report decision dropdown

ABO/Rh-incompatible haploidentical HSCT is not a single transfusion decision.

It is a phase-wise Transfusion Medicine problem.

This case involved:

  • haploidentical HSCT
  • minor ABO mismatch
  • major Rh incompatibility
  • harvest and graft-risk assessment
  • peri-transplant component planning
  • post-transplant haemolysis surveillance

The practical challenge was not simply blood availability.

It was answering four recurring questions:

  1. Whose haematopoiesis is dominant?
  2. Whose antibodies are active?
  3. Which blood group should be supported today?
  4. Is the post-transplant problem cytopenia, haemolysis, or delayed engraftment?

Pre-transplant

Start before conditioning.

Map ABO/RhD status, antibody screen, DAT baseline, isoagglutinins, and component policy. HCT candidates require a clear plan for leukoreduced and irradiated support.

Harvest / graft

The graft is not just CD34-positive cells.

Assess plasma incompatibility, red cell contamination, donor antibody burden, and whether graft manipulation is required.

Peri-transplant

This is where routine transfusion logic becomes dangerous.

The patient’s blood group is biologically in transition. Red cells, platelets, and plasma require phase-specific selection based on donor-recipient compatibility.

Post-transplant

Do not reduce every falling haemoglobin to expected cytopenia.

In ABO-mismatched HSCT, consider delayed haemolysis, passenger lymphocyte effect, delayed erythroid engraftment, PRCA-like patterns, and chimerism context.

Why Transfusion Medicine matters

The value is not ‘issuing blood.’

The value is maintaining transplant-support continuity through:

  • immunohaematology mapping
  • safe component selection
  • graft-risk assessment
  • haemolysis surveillance
  • donor-recipient compatibility transition

It is transplant immunohaematology in motion.”Aryabhatta Sadhu: ABO and Rh Incompatibility In Stem Cell Transplantation

Other posts featuring Aryabhatta Sadhu with Hemostasis Today.