Heba Youssef/LinkedIn
Jun 19, 2026, 11:45
Heba Youssef։ Anemia in CKD – It’s Not Just About Erythropoietin
Heba Youssef, Clinical Nutrition Pharmacist at Helwan General Hospital, shared a post on LinkedIn:
“Anemia in CKD: It’s Not Just About Erythropoietin
Every CKD patient with a falling hemoglobin deserves a proper workup – not just an ESA prescription.
Why it happens:
- Reduced EPO production (the primary driver)
- Iron deficiency – true or functional (increased hepcidin)
- Chronic inflammation suppressing erythropoiesis
- Shortened RBC survival from uremic toxins
- Reversible causes: B12/folate deficiency, hypothyroidism, occult bleeding
The workup: CBC, reticulocyte count, ferritin, TSAT, B12/folate — always interpret ferritin alongside TSAT.
Management, in order:
- Correct reversible causes first
- Iron therapy per KDIGO 2026 thresholds – IV preferred in hemodialysis
- ESA therapy only after iron is optimized – target Hb less than 11.5 g/dL (never aim to normalize Hb; greater than or equal to 13 g/dL raises stroke, hypertension, and thromboembolism risk)
- Transfusion reserved for severe/symptomatic anemia or instability – minimize in transplant candidates
Pearl: Treat the cause, not just the number.
EPO deficiency is the mechanism – but iron status decides whether ESA therapy will even work.”

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