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Stuart Diamond: The Mitochondrial Triangle and VO₂ Max
Stuart Diamond/LinkedIn
Nov 23, 2025, 14:13

Stuart Diamond: The Mitochondrial Triangle and VO₂ Max

Stuart Diamond, Medical Doctor at Geneva College of Longevity Science, and Co-Founder at Equilux – Unlock Your Biology, posted on LinkedIn:

“The Mitochondrial Triangle and VO₂ Max: The New Blueprint for Healthspan, Longevity and the Future of Equilux

In longevity medicine, one metric continues to predict who not only lives longer — but lives better: VO₂ max.

VO₂ max is a direct window into mitochondrial capacity, metabolic flexibility, and cellular resilience.
At Equilux, we think of it as a vital sign of biological youth.

And what’s emerging now is how three mitochondrial interventions — Urolithin A, NAD⁺ optimization, and MOTS-c — work together to strengthen the very systems that VO₂ max measures.

These aren’t random supplements.
They’re part of a coordinated mitochondrial strategy we’re integrating directly into the Equilux clinical framework.

  1. Urolithin A — Improving Mitochondrial Quality (Equilux: “Reset”)

Urolithin A is one of the only compounds clinically proven in humans to induce mitophagy, the cleanup process that removes dysfunctional mitochondria.

Key evidence:

  • Cell Reports Medicine: Improved muscle strength and mitochondrial biomarkers in middle-aged adults.
  • JAMA Network Open: Enhanced endurance and mitochondrial gene expression in older adults.
  • Nature Aging: Demonstrated age-related improvements in mitochondrial and immune function via mitophagy.

At Equilux, this sits in the “Reset” phase — clearing out the mitochondrial debris that limits energy production, recovery, and VO₂ max potential.

2. NAD⁺ — Fueling the New Mitochondrial Network (Equilux: “Rebuild”)

Once broken mitochondria are cleared, NAD⁺ becomes the limiting factor for:

  • Sirtuin activity (SIRT1, SIRT3)
  • Mitochondrial biogenesis
  • ATP output
  • Oxidative metabolism
  • Cellular repair and stress tolerance

White-paper-level support:

  • A 2024 systematic review highlights NAD⁺ precursors improving mitochondrial density, metabolism, and cellular energetics in humans.
  • Research across Nature, Cell Metabolism, and Science confirms NAD⁺ decline is a hallmark of aging — and restoring NAD⁺ restores mitochondrial function.

At Equilux, this is part of the “Rebuild” phase — supporting biogenesis and restoring youthful energetic pathways.

3. MOTS-c — Enhancing Metabolic Flexibility (Equilux: “Optimize”)

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-encoded peptide that functions like an internal exercise signal.

Key scientific support:

  • Nature Communications: Human subjects showed increased MOTS-c levels after acute exercise.
  • Journal of Translational Medicine: Described MOTS-c’s role in AMPK activation, insulin sensitivity, fat oxidation, and cellular stress resilience.
  • Preclinical data shows dramatic improvements in endurance, metabolic function, and healthspan.

At Equilux, we use MOTS-c in the “Optimize” phase — improving the body’s ability to use oxygen and fuel, directly influencing VO₂ max and metabolic age.”

Stuart Diamond

Stay informed with Hemostasis Today.

Health Hemostasis Today Longevity Medicine Medicine Mitochondrial Network Mitophagy Oxidative Metabolism Stuart Diamond thrombosis Urolithin A VO₂ Max
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